GATSCHET, Albert Samuel, ethnologist, born in St. Beatenberg, Berne, Switzerland, 3 October, 1832. He studied at Neuchatel in 1843-'5, in Berne in 1846-'52, and in the universities of Berne and Berlin in 1852-'8. His attention was early directed to philological researches, and in 1865 he began the publication of a series of brief monographs on the local etymology of his own country, entitled "Ortsetymologische Forschungen aus der Schweiz" (1865-'7). In 1867 he spent some time in London, pursuing antiquarian investigations in the British museum, and during the following year came to the United States. At first he settled in New York, and devoted himself to literary pursuits, publishing several articles on the languages of the American Indians. These led to his being appointed ethnologist of the United States geological survey, under Major John W. Powell, and he was occupied for a time in arranging the linguistic manuscripts of the Smithsonian institution. In 1879 the bureau of ethnology became a department of the institution, and he has since been actively connected with it. For the better accomplishment of his work, he has made extensive trips for ethnologic and linguistic exploration among the Indians of North America, including journeys to California and Oregon in 1877, to South Carolina and Louisiana in 1881-'2, and to Texas, Louisiana, and Mexico in 1884-'6, and is compiling an extensive report embodying his researches among the Klamath Lake and Modoc Indians of Oregon. Among the languages of other tribes discussed by him in separate publications are the Timucua, Tonkawa, Yuma, Chumeto, Creek, and Hitchiti. He has published very extensively both in magazines and government reports, also in the volumes issued by the American philosophical society. Upward of sixty titles are credited to him by James C. Pilling in his "Bibliography of North American Languages" (Washington, 1885).