SUCRE, Antonio Jose de, (soo'-cray), South American soldier, born in Cumana, Venezuela, 3 February, 1793; died near Pasto, Colombia, 4 June, 1830. He studied mathematics at Caracas, was graduated at the College of military engineers in 1810, and, joining the patriot cause, was sent in May of that year as post-commander to the province of Barcelona, and in 1811 called to the personal staff of General Miranda. After the capitulation of the latter, Sucre fled to his native province and joined the invading forces of Santiago Marino, with whom he took part in the campaign of 1813. In March, 1814, he joined Bolivar, who appointed him to the staff of the Army of the Orient, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. After the defeat of General Ribas at Utica, 5 December, 1814, Sucre took refuge in Trinidad, and, on Bolivar's landing in Venezuela in 1816, Sucre joined Marifio's forces; but when the latter refused allegiance to Bolivar in Cariaco, 8 May, 1817, Sucre abandoned his command to join Bolivar in Guayana, and was appointed chief of staff of Bermudez's division. In 1818 he was promoted brigadier and commissioned by Bolivar to solicit arms and ammunition in the West indies, and, pledging his personal credit, he soon returned with 9,750 stand of arms, twelve cannon, and a plentiful supply of ammunition. Being appointed second chief of the general staff, he displayed such energy in the reorganization of the forces that Bolivar called him the "soul of the army." In this office he assisted in the victorious invasion of New Granada in 1819, and was commissioned by Bolivar to arrange for a six-months' armistice, which was signed in Trujillo, 25 November, 1820. He was then sent to the south to take command of the forces operating against the Spanish president of Quito, who refused to recognize the validity of the treaty of Trujillo. He reorganized the patriot forces, marching to the port of Buenaventura, embarked his army, and in May, 1821, suddenly landed in Guayaquil, to protect the republican government that had been established there. On 19 August he defeated the Spaniards at Yaguachi, but he was routed on 12 September at Guachi, and in November obtained a suspension of hostilities, which he employed to reorganize his forces and obtain auxiliary troops. He now marched upon Quito, and on 24 May defeated the enemy in the battle of Pichincha, granting him a capitulation, which finished the Spanish domination in Ecuador, the province declaring itself incorporated in the republic of Colombia. Sucre was promoted major-general and intendant of the department of Quito, and in May, 1823, was sent with a Colombian auxiliary division to Peru. Refusing the command-in-chief, he remained with his forces in the defence of Callao, and sent, on 4 July, a division to assist Santa Cruz in the south. After the arrival of Bolivar, 1 September, who assumed the supreme command, Sucre co-operated with him in reorganizing the army for the final campaign against the Spanish dominion. In July, 1824, they marched across the Andes to attack the army of Canterac, and de. feated him at Junin on 6 August Bolivar, being obliged to leave for Lima to organize the government, appointed Sucre to the command-in-chief of the allied army, ordering him to force a decisive campaign on the viceroy, La Serna. On 9 December, Sucre met with 5,800 men the Spanish army of 9,300 men on the plateau of Ayacucho, and totally defeated it, capturing the viceroy and ending the Spanish power in Peru. Sucre was created by the Peruvian congress grand marshal of Ayacucho, and marched at once to upper Peru to subdue Olafieta, who refused to submit to the capitulation of Ayacueho. He convoked an assembly of delegates to decide upon the future of the country, which, meeting at Chuquisaca, declared upper Peru an independent republic, under the name of Bolivia, on 10 August, 1825. The constituent congress, which met 25 May, 1826, elected Sucre president for life. He accepted the executive, however, only for two years; but the revolution of January, 1827, in Peru, against the authority of Bolivar, caused also several mutinies in La Paz, and finally, on 18 April, 1828, a Colombian regiment revolted in Chuquisaca. Sucre was dangerously wounded, and, on his recovery, he resigned and returned to Guayaquil. When finally Ecuador was invaded by the Peruvian troops, Sucre was appointed commander-in-chief, and totally defeated the invaders under General La Mar at Tarqui, 26 February, 1829. He now retired to private life, but was sent as deputy for Guayaquil to the Colombian congress at Bogota, 20 January, 1830, which elected him president, and sent him as commissioner to Rosario de Cucuta to arrange the difficulties with Venezuela. Seeing the hopelessness of the task, he soon returned to Bogota, and when congress closed its sessions, he was returning to his home in Guayaquil when he was shot from ambush in the mountain of Berruecos. At first it was asserted by General Jose Maria Obando, district commander of Pasto, that the murder had been committed by robbers, but it is generally believed that the crime was instigated by Obando himself, though he tried to implicate General Juan Jose Flores. The latter was vindicated by his son. Antonio, in his "EL Gran Mariseal de Ayacucho" (New York, 1885). Sucre's remains were transported by his family to the Church of San Francisco in Quito, where they still rest, although the government of Bolivia in 1845, and that of Venezuela in 1875, asked permission to transport them to their respective pantheons.