RIVADAVIA, Bernardino (re-vah-dah'-ve-ah), president of the Argentine Republic, born in Buenos Ayres in 1780: died in Cadiz, Spain, 2 September, 1845 After acquiring his primary education he entered the College of San Carlos, and during his studies the first English invasion took place. After the reconquest of Buenos Ayres he took part as a lieutenant in the defence of the city during the second English invasion under Whitelock. In 1811 he was appointed secretary of war and the treasury, in which place he subdued two revolts against the government. In 1812 the government to which he belonged was deposed, and he retired to private life till 1814, when he was appointed envoy to several European courts, and commissioned to solicit a protectorate from England, France, Austria, the United States, or in case of need from a prince of the house of Bourbon, in order to found a South American monarchy, as the conservative element did not believe that the country was ready for a republic. After his negotiations for a protectorate had failed he returned in 1820 to Buenos Ayres In 1821 Governor Rodriguez appointed him secretary of the interior, in which place he accomplished many reforms and established the university Rodriguez's successor, Las Heras, offered him the same place, but he refused and went as minister to Great Britain. On 18 February, 1826, tie was elected president of the Argentine Republic, in which place he greatly aided the material progress of the republic and sustained the war against the Brazilian invader of Uruguay, contributing to the independence of that republic. When the Federal party began to oppose him, and several provinces rose in arms, Rivadavia resigned on 29 June, 1827, retiring into private life. After the fall of Dorrego and Lavalle, he went to Europe in 1829, but returned in 1834, to answer his impeachment, was exiled to Montevideo, and went in 1842 to Europe.