McQUAID, Bernard John, R. C. bishop, born in New York city, 15 December, 1823. He is of Irish parentage. After studying at Chambly college, near Montreal, Canada, and at St. John's college, Fordham, where he finished his classical course in 1843, he was tutor at St. John's for three years, until the Jesuits took charge of the institution. He then studied theology under the Lazarists in a seminary that occupied the site of the present New York cathedral, and afterward under the Jesuits at St. John's college. He was ordained priest, 16 January, 1848, in the cathedral of New York, by Archbishop Hughes, and assigned to the mission of Madison, New Jersey He built churches at Morristown and Springfield, and began one at Mendham ; but in September, 1853, on the erection of the new diocese of Newark, he was transferred to the future cathedral to prepare the way for the incoming bishop, Bayley. He conceived the idea of founding Seton Hall college and seminary, and it was mainly to his untiring efforts that the success of the institution was due. He was president of it for ten years--at Madison and afterward at South Orange--remaining for three years of the time rector of the cathedral at Newark. On 12 July, 1868, he was consecrated first bishop of Rochester. He organized the diocese rapidly and devoted himself to building churches, paying off church debts, erecting parochial residences, and founding parochial schools. To secure teachers for these schools he introduced the Sisters of St. Joseph into the diocese, and the order already numbers 200 members, and has under its care about twenty-two school-houses and orphan asylums. He also founded St. Andrew's preparatory seminary. He is best known for the part he has taken in the agitation for religious schools. To justify his course in founding such schools and to impress Roman Catholics with a sense of obligation to support them, he wrote and lectured extensively" and it is mainly to his efforts and influence here and at Rome that the old policy of his church in regard to education has been revived and carried out in this country. It is commonly supposed that the movement which he began tends toward a demand for a share of public money for sectarian schools" but he maintains simply that it is not the business of the state to educate any children whose parents are able to pay for their education. At the close of a lecture in Boston, 3 February, 1876, he declared his principles to be, for " a republic whose citizens are of different religious beliefs and are voters needing intelligence" 1st, The non-interference of the state in religious matters, in church or in school; 2d, compulsory knowledge, through parents' schools, under parents' control, and at their cost ; and 3d, free trade in education, or no monopoly of the teacher's profession. He was present at the Vatican council in 1869-'70, and has since visited Europe. He has lectured frequently, delivered addresses on public occasions, and contributed articles to the "North American Review" and other periodicals.