LEANDR0 DO SACRAMENTO (lay-an'-dro), Brazilian naturalist, born in Rio Janeiro, 16 October, 1762; died there, 7 April, 1809. He received his early education in his native city, but finished his studies in Coimbra, Portugal, and became a Carmelite friar in 1784. He returned afterward to Rio Janeiro, and until his death was president of the botanical garden, which he greatly improved. He specially directed his attention to the studies of the Balanophorei, and gave valuable assistance in preparing the "Flora Brasilica" (1799-1825). He was a corresponding member of the Academies of sciences in Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, and published many papers in the proceedings of those societies. He wrote most of his works in French. They include "Memoires snr les Archimedees ou Balanophorees, plantes particulieres a l'Amerique meridionale" (3 vols., Rio de Janeiro and Paris, 1798); the botanical part of Geoffrey St. Hilaire's "Voyage dans le district des diamants et sur le littoral du Brasil" (6 vols., aris, 1805) ; "Memoires sur les legumineuses arborescentes de l'Amerique du Sud" (5 vols., Rio de Janeiro and Paris, 1806); "Etudes sur les champignons propres a l'Amerique du Sud" (2 vols., 1807); and "Memoires sur la famille des pommes de terre, iguames, couscous, et autres varietes propres g l'Amerique du Sud" (6 vols., 1808). Many of these are accompanied by colored plates.