BOTTA, Carlo Giuseppe Gugliehno, Italian historian, born in San Giorgio del Canovese, Piedmont, 6 November 1766; died in Paris,' France, 10 August 1837. He was educated as a physician at the University of Turin, and pursued also botanical, literary, and musical studies. After undergoing seventeen months of imprisonment in 1792-'3, on a groundless political accusation, he became a surgeon in the French army, and published a scheme for the government of Lombardy. While stationed, in 1796, in the Venetian islands of the Adriatic, he wrote a "Historical and Medical Description of the Island of Corfu." In 1798 he was appointed a member of the short-lived provisional government of Piedmont, and after the battle of Marengo, in 1800, became a member of the commission appointed to reorganize and administer the government of Piedmont, and retained as one of the three commissioners charged with the administration of the new government. After the annexation to France, in 1802, he became a member of the council of general administration. In that year he published his "Prdcis historique de la maison de Savoie et du Piemont." In 1804 he went to Paris as a representative of the department of the Dora in the legislative body, and in 1808-'9 was vice-president of the assembly. In 1809-'10 he issued in Paris the first edition of the " Storia della guerra dell' independenza degli Stati Uniti d'America," which was long esteemed the best history of our struggle for independence. It was translated into English by George Alexander Otis (Boston, 1826). From 1817 till 1822 he was rector of the University at Rouen, and while there he wrote his "Storia d'ltalia del 1789 al 1814" (1824). In 1815 he published an epic poem entitled "Camillo o Vejo conquistata." His last work was a large history of Italy connecting Guicciardini's work, which came down to 1532, with his own history of Italy during the epoch of the French revolution. This work, entitled " Storia d'Italia continuata da quella del Guicciardini sino al 1789," appeared in Paris in 1832. See Tipaldo's "Biografia degli Italiani illustri"; also "Elogio storice di C. Botta," by F. Becchi.