SAINT SIMON, Claude Henri, Count de, French philosopher, born in Paris, France, 17 October, 1760; died there, 19 May, 1825. His education, that of the nobility of his time, was in the direction of philosophy. He entered the army in 1777, and was sent to this country as the commander of a company under the Marquis de Bouille in 1779. He remained with the French forces, acquitting himself with gallantry until the surrender at Yorktown. Like many of his brother French officers, he was made a life-member of the Society of the Cincinnati. On the voyage home the French squadron, under the Comte de Grasse, was defeated by Admiral Rodney on 12 April, 1782, and the vessel on which Saint Simon had embarked surrendered and he himself was made a prisoner and taken to Jamaica, where he remained until the declaration of peace in 1783. Before returning to France he visited Mexico, and proposed to the viceroy of that country to unite the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by means of a canal ; but no notice was taken of his scheme. On arriving in France he was made chevalier of St. Louis and colonel of the Aquitaine regiment. During the Reign of Terror he was arrested for being a member of the aristocracy. After an imprisomnent of eleven months he was liberated and succeeded in recovering 150,000 francs as his share of the profits of his previous financial operations. He now began to study sciences and to form plans for a fundamental reconstruction of society. He obtained a small clerkship, and lived in obscurity until his friend, Diard, gave him the means to issue his "Introduction aux travaux scientifiques du 19me sidcle" (2 vols, Paris, 1808). In 1810 Diard died and Saint Simon suffered from actual want. Nevertheless, he continued to pursue his studies, and, in spite of feeble health, penury, the coldness of friends, and the lack of powerful protectors, he issued his "Rdorganisation de la societE Europ~enne" (Paris, 1814) and "L'Industrie, ou discussions politiques, morales et philosophiques" (4 vols., 1817-'18). In 1820 he published a pamphlet entitled " Parabole," in which he advanced the most revolutionary ideas, and for which he was tried and acquitted. In 1820 he attempted suicide, but only succeeded in depriving himself of an eye, and lived long enough to complete his two greatest works, " Catdchisme in-dustriel" (1824) and "Le nouveau Christianisme" (1825). See "Saint Simon, sa vie et ses travaux," by Nicholas G. Hubbard (Paris, 1857) ; "(Euvres, choisies de Saint-Simon" (3 vols., Brussels, 1859; new ed., Paris, 1861) ; and the joint works of Saint Simon and his editor, Enfantin (20 vols., 1865-'9).