STURM, Daniel, French author, born in Haguenan, Alsace, in 1761; died there in 1814. He received his education at the University of Strasburg, and was graduated in medicine in 1789. In the following year he was appointed assistant surgeon of a regiment in Santo Domingo, but he fled to the United States during the civil war in 1793, and settled in Philadelphia, where he practised his profession. After the peace of Amiens he returned to France, re-entered the army as surgeon-major, and served till 1811, when he was retired on a pension. His works include "Dictionnaire de medecine therapeutique, ou expose des moyens curatifs employds dans Ies Antilles, La Louisiane et l'Amerique du Nord" (2 vols., Nancy, 1809), and "Les Etats-Unis en 1800, ou journal et impressions de voyage a travers l'Amerique du Nord" (1812).

--BEGIN-Jacques Sturm

STURM, Jacques (stoorm), French naturalist, born in Haguenau, Alsace, in 1743; died in Nancy in 1802. He entered the church, but received only minor orders, and was for several years preceptor in the family of the Duke d'Aiguillon, who obtained for him a scientific mission to South America. Sailing from Brest in 1775, he visited the Canaries and the Cape Verde islands and Brazil, coasted along Chili, Peru, and California, and visited the Philippines, Batavia, and Sumatra, collecting specimens of natural history. In 1785 he returned to South America, at the invitation of the Academy of medicine, to study the medicinal plants of Brazil. After exploring the basin of the Orinoco, he crossed to Amazon river, which he descended for several hundred miles amid many dangers and hardships. Deserted by his escort, he lived for months with half-civilized Indians, and in 1791 reached Para, after forming a collection of 1,100 plants, 400 of which were new, belonging to 150 families. Owing to the state of affairs in France, he delayed his departure, and accepted a chair in the city college. In 1795 he returned to Paris and presented his collections to the institute, of which he was elected a corresponding member in 1798. His works include "Deux arts de sejour darts les deserts de l'Amazonie" (Nancy, 1796); "Catalogue raisonne de la flore Brasilienne " (2 vols., 1798); " Essai sur l'histoire naturelle du Brasil" (1800); " Dictionnaire des plantes medicinales propres au Brasil" (1801).