WINSLOW, Edward, governor of Plymouth colony, born in Droitwich, near Worcester, England, 18 October, 1595; died at sea, 8 May, 1655. He was descended from an ancient English family. When he was a traveller on the continent he met Reverend John Robinson, of Leyden, with whose church he united in 1617. He sailed in the "Mayflower " with the band of first settlers at Plymouth, and on 22 March, 1621, he was deputed to negotiate with Massasoit, making a treaty that remained intact till it was broken by King Philip in 1675. In July, 1621, Winslow first embassy to the Indians, which was also the first attempt of the English to explore the interior. When, in March, 1623, Massasoit was likely to die, he was sent to the sachem, and by his skilful treatment saved the life of the valuable ally, who in his gratitude informed Winslow's guide of the plots among the surrounding tribes to cut off Thomas Weston's colony, he sailed, 10 September, 1623, for England, where he prepared for publication the following" year his "Good Newes from New England," which drew much attention to the colony. On 16 March, 1624, he imported the first neat-cattle brought into New England. At the election that year he was chosen an assistant governor, in which office he was continued till 1647, excepting 1633, 1636, and 1644, when he was chosen governor. Contrary to the advice of Winslow, the adventurers in London had sent; John Lyford, a. preacher, to Plymouth, who wrote letters full of slander and falsehood to people in England. He therefore sailed that summer (1624) for England, presented the matter at a meeting, and returned to Plymouth with the evidence against Lyford, who, with John Oldham, was promptly banished. The principal oversight of the commercial transactions of the colony was in his keeping during its period of development. Upon coming to the chief magistracy in 1633, he found that disputes had arisen with the Dutch in New York respecting the trade with the Connecticut-river Indians. The Massachusetts colony declining to unite in establishing a trading-fort on the river, Governor Winslow despatched a vessel, which went a mile beyond the Dutch fort, on the site of Hartford, and erected the first house in Connecticut. In 1635 he sailed for England to defend the Plymouth and Massachusetts colonies against the accusations of Thomas Morton, and to represent to the government the encroachments of the French on the east and the Dutch on the west. Archbishop Laud, then at the head of the special commission established in 1634, secured his imprisonment on a frivolous pretence; but, after seventeen weeks of confinement, obtaining his release by the privy council, he addressed an able paper to that body upon the object of his mission to the government. Under Winslow as governor, the court of associates, in November, 1636, enacted the elaborate code of laws and statutes that placed the government on a stable foundation. About 1 April, 1637, in behalf of the government, he replied to Winthrop's letter for advice in the conduct of the proposed Pequot war, and was selected to meet the authorities in Boston on 12 May, to whom he declared the war was none of Plymouth's quarrel. In the establishment of the confederation known by the name of the United Colonies of New England, he was commissioner from his colony. This act of 1643 he seems to have anticipated in 1631. when he petitioned the royal commission for a warrant to the colonies to defend themselves unitedly against all foes. The Massachusetts government intrusted him in 1646 with the mission to answer the charges of Samuel Gorton and others in England, and to defend the colony from the accusation of religious intolerance. His book, "Hypocrisie Unmasked." was considered a complete vindication. Winslow advocated the civilization and conversion of the Indians, and published an address to parliament and council, with intelligence from New England upon the subject; and by his influence an act was passed, 19 July, 1649. incorporating the Society for propagating the gospel in New England. The government appointed him one of three commissioners in 1654 to adjust the claims against Denmark for losses to English shipping. Much light is thrown upon the important service in which he was engaged on behalf of the colonies, during his sojourn in England (1646-'54), by the recent publication of the "Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. 1574-1660," edited by W. Noel Sainsbury (5 vols., London, 1860-'80). When Cromwell planned an expedition against the Spaniards in the West Indies under General Venables and Admiral Penn, he appointed Winslow head commissioner at a salary of £1,000. The general and admiral disagreed in their tempers and views, the control of the commission was of no avail, and the army was defeated at Santo Domingo. The fleet sailed for Jamaica, but on the passage Winslow died of a fever, and his body was committed to the deep with the honors of war. Among his accomplishments was a consummate address, which never failed him as the diplomatist of the colony. His piety was fervent, and for a day of intoleration he was often singularly tolerant to those who differed with him in matters of belief. Governor Winslow married at Leyden, 16 May, 1618, Elizabeth Barker, who died, 24 March, 1621, at Plymouth. He married, 12 May, 1621, Mrs. Susanna White, who had given birth to the first white child born in New England, was now the first bride, and destined to be the wife of a governor and mother of another governor. By her ha had two children, Elizabeth and Josiah. His brothers, John, Kenehn, and Josiah, identified with the early history of the colony, are the ancestors of a numerous family, his family-seat was established in 1636-'7 at Greenharbor (now Marshfield), afterward the estate of Daniel Webster. The engraving of Governor Winslow is from the only authentic portrait of any of the Pilgrims. It was executed in London in 1651 and is now preserved at Plymouth. The engraving above represents the monument in Plymouth to the memory of the pilgrims. Governor Winslow's pen has left some valuable and substantial writings to indicate his versatility in narration and argument. What is called "Bradford's and Winslow's Journal," or by others "A Diary of Occurrences" (London, 1622), covering the first year of the colony, is admirably supplemented by "Wins-low's Relation," which brings down the history to 10 September, 1623. This work, also known as "Good Newes from New England," appeared complete in Alexander Young's "Chronicles of the Pilgrims" (Boston, 1841). His letter to George Norton as advisory for such as proposed voyaging to Plymouth, the letters to John Winthrop, in Thomas Hutchinson's " Collection of Papers," and those to See Thurlow (" State Papers," iii.) from the Barbadoes, 1654-'5, are among the most valuable of his briefer remains. His "Brief Narration," or "Hypocrisie Unmasked," in opposition to Samuel Gorton (1646), appears, in part, in Young's " Chronicles." This trenchant book was followed by another, under the title of " New England's Salamander," as an answer to aspersions cast upon New England (1647). "The Glorious Progress of the Gospel amongst the Indians in New England" (1649), dedicated to parliament, contained also letters from John Eliot and Thomas Mayhew. "A Platform of Church Discipline in New England" (1653) is his last publication extant or of which we have knowledge. See Moore's "Governors of New Plymouth"; Baylies's "New Plymouth"; "The Winslow Memorial," by David P, and Frances K. Holton (New York, 1877); Samuel G. Drake's " History of Boston" (Boston, 1856); and John G. Palfrey's " History of New England" (3 vols., 1858--'64).--His son, Josiah, governor of Plymouth colony, born in Plymouth in 1629; died at Marshfield, Massachusetts, 18 December, 1680, was chosen deputy to the general court from Marshfield in 1643. In 1657, two years after the death of his father, he was made an assistant governor, which post he filled till his election as governor in 1673. This last office he held till his death. In 1658 he was chosen one of the commissioners of the United Colonies, and re-elected for fourteen years. On 5 September, 1672, he was one of the six signers of the new articles of confederation of the New England colonies, and on 9 September, 1675, ha signed the declaration of war against King Philip, made by the commissioners. In 1652 he commanded the military company of Marshfield, in 1659 he was appointed military commander of the colony, and in 1675 he was elected general-in-chief of the whole military forces of the United Colonies, being the first, native-born general as well as governor in New England. During his chief magistracy in 1674-'5 the first public school of the colony was established, and in 1680 the first lieutenant-governor was elected. The general court ordered in 1675 that four halberdiers should attend the governor and magistrates at elections, and two during the court sessions. The government now maintained a state that was hitherto unknown in the colony. Governor Winslow lived at Careswell, the family-seat in Marshfield, where he enjoyed the distinction of being the most accomplished gentleman in the colony. His hospitality was generous, and the attractions of the festive and social board were not a little heightened by the charms of his beautiful wife. In 1657 James Cudworth was displaced by the colony from his official post for refusing to sign as a commissioner, the proceedings against the Quakers. When first a commissioner, in 1658, Winslow refused to sanction the "horrible recommendation" of that year against the Quakers, and in 1674, by his active friendship and powerful influence as governor, Cudworth was rescued from the disgrace to which Governor Prince and others had subjected him. He showed that he had a just spirit in the active part he bore in the preliminaries to the war against Philip, in which ha was afterward commander-in-chief. On 1 Nay, 1676, he wrote to the commissioners in Boston that the land in his colony had all been honestly purchased of the Indians, and, to protect the natives from wrong, no settler was allowed to receive land except by permission of the court. His capture of Alexander in 1662, the brother of Philip, and for two years sachem after Massasoit's death, illustrates his courage and personal daring as a soldier. His last public act, on 5 September, 1680, was to solicit a charter for Plymouth from the crown, Cudworth being appointed to present the address to the king. Governor Winslow celebrated the memory of Governor Bradford in a poem that is published in George Morton's "Memoriall." He married in 1657, Penelope Pelham, daughter of Herbert Pelham, who came to Boston in 1645, and was first treasurer of Harvard college, and assistant governor in 1646-'9. The portrait of Governor Winslow given herewith is from a painting probably executed during his visit to London in 1651, which, with the portrait of his wife, is preserved in Pilgrim hall, Plymouth. A son and a daughter survived him.--The former, Isaac, born in 1670; died at Cares-well, 6 December, 1738, was military commander of the colony, a member of the council more than twenty years, some of the time its president, judge of probate, and chief justice the latter part of his life.--Isaac's son, John, soldier, born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 27 May, 1702; died in Hingham, Massachusetts, 17 April, 1774. with the exception of Sir William Pepperell, was the most distinguished military leader in New England at that period. The council appointed him, on 14 August, 1740, captain of the company that was raised in Boston to serve in the expedition against Cuba. He went as a commissioner in 1752 to Fort St. George, Maine, to adjust territorial and other disputes with the Indians. While a major-general of militia and captain in the British army in 1755, he was directed by Governor William Shirley, who was advised by Governor Lawrence, of Nova Scotia, to proceed to that province to remove the Acadians. The most responsible persons for the manner in which that act was accomplished appear to have been Lawrence and his council, and Admirals Boscawen and Moysteyn. Winslow acted under written and positive instructions, and he said to the Acadians, before reading the decree, that it was " very disagreeable to his natural temper and make," but that it was not his business to " animadvert, but to obey such orders as he should receive." The following year he took the field with about 8,000 men to serve against the French. Receiving from Governor Hardy, of New York, in July, a commission as major-general and commander-in-chief, he established himself at Fort William Henry on Lake George" but Montcalm, fearing to risk the encounter, turned aside to capture Oswego. That general then returned to Canada, and the army of Winslow to Massachusetts. He served again as major-general against the French in the expedition of 17589 to the Kennebec. In 1762 he was appointed chief justice of the court of common pleas in Plymouth county, He participated as a commissioner in the first effort that was made to solve the vexed question--Which is the true river St. Croix?--in determining the easterly line of Maine with James Otis and William Brattle, in 1762. During the stamp-act troubles he was a councillor of the province in the legislature, and was associated on various occasions with Samuel Adams and others in preparing documents upon that controversy. The town of Winslow in Maine was named, in 1771, in his honor. His house in Plymouth is still standing, and in Pilgrim Hall are his sword and a portrait of him in military dress. --Edward, loyalist, brother of General John, born 7 June, 1714; died in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 8 June, 1784, was graduated at Harvard college in 1736, was successively clerk of the courts, registrar of probate, and collector of the port, at Plymouth, and removed to Halifax at the evacuation of Boston. --Edward's son, Edward, governor of New Brunswick, born in Plymouth in 1746; died in Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1815, was graduated at liar-yard in 1765, and served as clerk of the county court in his native place. In 1775 he was appointed colonel in the royal army at. Boston, and in 1782 he became muster-master-general for North America of the American forces in the service of the crown. After the war he settled in New Brunswick, was a member of the first council of that colony, and, successively, surrogate-general, judge of the supreme court, and governor of the province. He was a founder and eminent spirit of the Old Colony club, under whose auspices the long line of celebrations began, and he delivered the first anniversary oration, 22 December, 1770.