COOPER, Ellwood, horticulturist, born in Sadsbury, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 24 May, 1829. He was educated in Harmony, after which he engaged in business in Port au Prince, W. I., and later in New York. About 1870 he removed to southern California and settled in Santa Barbara, where he has devoted his attention principally to the cultivation of fruits. On his farm are produced olives, grapes, English walnuts, and European ahnonds, in crops far exceeding those of the older countries; also oranges, lemons, Japanese persimmons, and other similar fruits. Mr. Cooper was the first in the United States to manufacture olive-oil and put it on the market. In connection with this industry he has invented various forms of machinery for use in the oil-works, and also a machine for hulling English walnuts, grading them as to size and washing them, thus not only effecting a great saving of labor, but making them more satisfactory for sale than can be done by hand. He has been president of the board of directors of Santa Barbara College, for three years was principal of the College, and is now (1886) president of the California state board of horticulture. He has published " Statistics of Trade with Hayti" (New York, 1868); "Forest Culture and Eucalyptus Trees" (San Francisco, 1876); and "A Treatise on Olive Culture" (1882).