GREENWALD, Emanuel, theologian, born near Frederick, Maryland, 13 January 1811; died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 21 December 1885. His father consecrated him to the ministry when the boy was only two years old. When quite young he began a private course of study in the classics and theology, under Reverend David F. Schaeffer, at Frederick, Maryland, and on 18 October, 1831, was licensed by the Lutheran synod of Maryland, at Cumberland. In the same year he started west, on horseback, in order to do mission work among the scattered Lutherans. He was prevailed on to settle at New Philadelphia, Ohio, where he remained until the year 1851, and organized several congregations in the surrounding country. In 1842 he founded the "Lutheran Standard," of which he was editor for several years. , In 1851 he removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he remained pastor of a small English congregation until 1854. During the latter year he was called to Easton, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1867. In 1.859 the degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. In 1867 he removed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, where he remained until his death. From 1867 he was for years a director of the Lutheran theological seminary at Philadelphia, and in 1873 he was elected president of the ministerium of Pennsylvania, the oldest Lutheran synod in America, which office he held for four years, and then declined re-election on account of old age and failing health. For many years he was chairman of the synod's executive committee, examining committee, and frequently a delegate to the general council. In 1878 he was president of the see-end Lutheran diet, held in Philadelphia. As a preacher, Dr. Greenwald was simple, yet forcible and interesting. His works include "An Order of Family Prayer" (Philadelphia, 1867); "The Lutheran Reformation" (1867); "The Foreign Mission Work of Louis Harms" (1868)" "Christian Benevolence," a sermon (1870)" "Baptism of Children" (1872)" " Meditations for Passion Week" (1873)" "Young Christian's Manual of Devotion" (1873); "Questions on the Gospel for the Church Year" (Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1873)" "Questions on the Epistles for the Church Year" (1874);" Sprinkling the True Mode of Baptism" (Philadelphia, 1876); "The True Church, its Way of Justification, and its Holy Communion" (1876); "Romanism and the Reformation" (Lancaster, 1880)" "Jesus our Table Guest" (Philadelphia, 1883)" and "Meditation for the Closet" (Lancaster, 1885). For children he published "The Child's Book," "The Little Children's Book," and " Sacred Places."