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Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889 and StanKlos.com 1999. Virtualology.com warns that these 19th Century biographies contain errors and bias. We rely on volunteers to edit the historic biographies on a continual basis. If you would like to edit this biography please submit a rewritten biography in text form . If acceptable, the new biography will be published above the 19th Century Appleton's Cyclopedia Biography citing the volunteer editor.

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Francisco Jose De Caldas

CALDAS, Francisco Jose de, Colombian naturalist., born in Popayan, 4 October, 1771 ; died 29 October, 1816. He mastered the rudiments of astronomy, botany, and medicine, and constructed a barometer and sextant, although he had not even books to guide him in his studies. He accompanied for some time the Spanish explorer, J. C. Mutis, in Peru and New Granada. Subsequently he explored the Andes and the Magdalena river, and in 1804 measured the height of Chimborazo and Tunguragua. He was afterward director of the observatory at BogotA, and in 1807 began the "Seminario de la Nueva Granada," a scientific journal, republished in Paris in 1849. He was executed by order of Morillo, for espousing the cause of independence.

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Samuel Huntington First President of the United States of America

Samuel Huntington
First President of the United States of America
in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to July 6, 1781

President Who? Forgotten Founders Part II

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Francisco Jose De Caldas

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