ENGELHARDT, Francis Ernest, chemist, born in Giebohlehausen, Hanover, 23 June 1835. He was educated in the gymnasium in Duderstadt and Hildesheim, and in the University of Gettingen. In 1856 he became assistant to Professor Frederick Wohler in the chemical laboratories in Gettingen, where he remained until he came to the United States in 1857. He was assistant in chemistry to Professor William S. Clark at Amherst in 1857'8, and to Professor Charles A. Joy at Columbia in 1860. From 1861 till 1866 he was professor of chemistry in the College of St. Francis Xavier in New York City, and from 1869 till 1886 chemist to the Qnondaga salt reservation and the salt companies of Onondaga. In 1886 he became chemist to the Genesee salt company, and is one of the experts for the State board of health, having special charge of the examination of all wines, beers, and liquors. In 1864 he received the degree of Ph. D. from St. Francis Xavier. His contributions to chemical literature have been large, but are mostly in the form of technical reports bearing on his special work.