PAUL, Frederick William, Duke of Wurtemberg, German naturalist, born in Carlsruhe, Silesia, 25 June, 1797; died in Mergentheim, 24 November, 1860. He showed a fondness for mathematics and the natural sciences at an early age, and in 1822 made a scientific journey through the United States. He returned to Europe in 1824, and travelled much in the southern countries of the continent. In 1828 he married a princess of the house of Thurm and Taxis, but the marriage was not happy, and the duke separated from his wife in 1829 and embarked for the United States. He spent the next two years in exploring North America, Hayti, and Mexico, afterward went to Egypt, and spent a large part of the rest of his life in Africa, Asia, and the islands of the Pacific. His castle of Mergentheim, the ancient residence of the grand-masters of the Teutonic order, was filled with collections of natural history, and contained specimens that were not found in any of the great official cabinets of Europe. In North America he had become intimate with many Indian chiefs, and they supplied him, in exchange for his presents, with ornaments and other interesting articles that were in use among the tribes. The duke was the head of the Catholic branch of the house of Wurtemberg. Extracts from his travels appeared in the "Ausland," the Stuttgart journals of medicine and the natural sciences, and elsewhere.