ORLANDO, Giuseppe Alberoni d' (or-lan'-do), Italian clergyman, born in Vicenza in 1709; died in Rome in 1781. He became a Jesuit, and was employed in the missions of South America till the expulsion of the order in 1767, residing for many years in Cuzco, where he taught rhetoric and acquired a perfect knowledge of the Quichua language. He particularly applied himself to the interpretation of the Quipos, a collection of little knots and ribbons of different colors, by means of which the Peruvians formerly recorded the principal events of history. Among his maid-servants was one that was supposed to be descended from Illa, the inventor of the Quipos, and who pretended to know how to read them; but she could afford little help to Orlando. The latter finally procured a manuscript of Canon Bartolome Cervantes, who lived among the Charcas in the 16th century, and by its means found a key to the Quipos. The authorities looked at first with favor on the labors of Orlando, and a royal order gave him permission to search for Quipos in the departments of state and in libraries, but, under the pretence that Orlando's mission would cause a revival of patriotic spirit among the Indians, this permission was afterward revoked, and he was even compelled to restore the Quipos he had procured. On his return to Rome he published "Historia del Peru" (2 vols., Rome, 1775), which threw new light on the subject of which it treated. Ferdinand Denis is the only modern writer that mentions the Quipos. Orlando left also several manuscripts that are deposited in the Vatican library in Rome.