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Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889 and StanKlos.com 1999. Virtualology.com cautions that these 19th Century biographies contain OCR errors and 19th Century bias.

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Jacques du Vivier

VIVIER, Jacques du (veev-yay), French naturalist, born in Lorient, France, in 1720; died there in 1793. He studied botany in Paris, held an office in the laboratory of the Academy of sciences, and sailed as secretary of a commission that was sent to South America to measure an arc of the meridian under Charles Marie de la Condamine. When the authorities of Lima induced some of the mathematicians to stay in South America, Vivier remained with Jean Godin, was employed in opening sulphur-mines at Cochabamba, and held for some time the chair of botany and mathematics in the College of Lima. In 1781 he obtained permission to return, and he embarked at Cayenne in 1782. On his arrival at Paris he vainly sought to recover his former place in the laboratory of the Academy of sciences, and for some time lived in poverty, until he obtained a place in the library of the Duke of Penthievre. His published works include "Nova genera et species plantarum quas in America, Jac. Vivierus collegit" (3 vols., Paris, 1788-'90) and "Sertum Peruanum " (2 vols., 1792) ; and his manuscripts contain a" Flora chilensis," which has never been published.

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Born in a Tavern and ending in a Tavern The United States Founding governments
occupied 11 different capitol buildings experienced 15 years of challenges that included war,
hyper-inflation, a failed constitution, judicial corruption, armed citizen and U.S. Army rebellion.

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Which U.S. President adopted the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention
resolution, enacted the Northwest Ordinance, and backed George Washington,
James Madison and Nathaniel Gorham's resolution to submit the new U.S.
Constitution to the States for ratification without Congressional alterations?

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Jacques du Vivier

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