BAYLES, James C., journalist, born in New York City, 3 July 1845. He pursued a course of technical studies until 1862, when, shortly after the beginning of the civil war, he entered the United States service as a lieutenant of artillery. His health having been impaired by exposure and injuries, he resigned in 1864 and turned his attention to journalism. He was editor of the New York "Citizen" in 1865-'7, of the New York "Commercial Bulletin" in 1868-'9. In 1870 he became editor of "The Iron Age," and in 1874 established "The Metal Worker," of which he also became editor. Mr. Bayles has devoted much time and careful study to the special topics of which his journals treat, and has made numerous varied and successful experiments in electro-metallurgy, and also in the microscopic analysis of metals, the results of which have appeared in different technical journals, notably in a paper on " Microscopic Analysis," which was published in the " Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers." He was among the first to examine health problems from an American standpoint, and his study of sanitary conditions in New Jersey, where he resides, made him prominent as an authority on such subjects, tie has delivered lectures on sanitary topics in New York, and in all of the prominent cities of the union, and is the author of the first standard American work on the mechanics of hygiene, " House Drainage and Water Service" (New York, 1876), of which seven editions have been issued. In 1883 he was elected president of the New Jersey State Sanitary Association, and was appointed a commissioner to devise a system of sewers and sanitary improvements for the city of Trenton. He is an active member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, and, besides other offices, has twice filled that of president (1884 and 1885). His addresses before this body have been well-considered and thoughtful essays on "The Study of Iron and Steel" (1884); "Causes of Industrial Depression" (1884); " Industrial Competition" (1885); "Iron Manufacture in the Southern States" (1885) ; "The Engineer and the Wage-Earner" (1885); " Professional Ethics" (1886). He was also active in the founding of the American Institute of Mechanical Engineers, and was one of its original members. In 1886 he became a non-resident lecturer at the Sibley School of Engineering in Cornell, and has delivered a series of lectures on "The Labor Problem" before that institution. In connection with that subject he has published "The Shop Council" (New York, 1886), in which he strives to reconcile the views of the employer and the wage earner.