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Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889 and StanKlos.com 1999. Virtualology.com cautions that these 19th Century biographies contain OCR errors and 19th Century bias.

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James Gordon Carter

CARTER, James Gordon, educational reformer, born in Leominster, Massachusetts, 7 September, 1795; died in Chicago, Illinois, 22 July, 1849. He was graduated at Harvard in 1820, and taught school at Leominster until 1830. In 1823 he contributed to the "Boston Patriot" a series of papers, subsequently published under the title of "Essays on Popular Education." In 1823 his "Letters to William Prescott on the Free Schools of New England, with Remarks on the Principles of Instruction," first developed the idea of a normal school or seminary for teachers. In 1824 he edited the " United States Review " at Boston. In 1830 he assisted in organizing the American institute of instruction, of which he was long an active member and officer. His lectures before that body in 1830-'1 were valuable contributions to its transactions. From 1835 till 1840 he was a member either of the house or senate of Massachusetts, was chairman of the legislative committee on education, and in 1837 drafted the bill establishing the board of education. Governor Everett appointed him the first member of the board. He was the author of a work on the "Geography of Massachusetts," one on Middlesex and Worcester counties (1830), and one on the " Geography of New Hampshire" (1831).

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Born in a Tavern and ending in a Tavern The United States Founding governments
occupied 11 different capitol buildings experienced 15 years of challenges that included war,
hyper-inflation, a failed constitution, judicial corruption, armed citizen and U.S. Army rebellion.

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Which U.S. President adopted the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention
resolution, enacted the Northwest Ordinance, and backed George Washington,
James Madison and Nathaniel Gorham's resolution to submit the new U.S.
Constitution to the States for ratification without Congressional alterations?

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James Gordon Carter

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