MARTIN, James Stewart, soldier, born in Scott county, Virginia, 19 August, 1826. He received a public-school education, removed to Salem, Illinois, in 1846, and during the Mexican war served as a non-commissioned officer. He was clerk of the Marion county court from 1849 till 1861, in the mean time studying law and being admitted to the bar. For several years he was a member of the Republican state committee. He entered the National army as colonel of an Illinois regiment in 1862, and served till the end of the war, taking part in all the important battles of the Atlanta campaign and in the march to the sea, and receiving the brevet of brigadier-general on 28 February, 1865. After his return to Illinois he was elected judge of the Marion county court, and in 1868 was appointed a pension-agent, resigning the judgeship. He resigned that office on being elected as a Republican to congress in 1872. After his service in congress he was for some years commissioner of the Southern Illinois penitentiary, and subsequently a banker in Salem and president of a coal-mining company.