ARCHER, John, physician, born in Harford County, Maryland, 6 June 1741 : died there in 1810. He was graduated at Princeton in 1760, and studied theology, but relinquished this on account of a throat trouble, and, after studying medicine, received in 1768, from the Philadelphia medical College, the first medical diploma issued on this continent. He raised and commanded a military company at the beginning of the revolution, was for several years a member of the legislature, and was chosen presidential elector in 1801. From 1801 to 1807 he was a member of congress from Maryland. He made several discoveries in medicine, which have been adopted by the profession.*His son, Stevenson, jurist, born in Harford County, Maryland; died 5 June 1848, was graduated at Princeton in 1805, and studied law. He became a judge of the court of appeals, and was appointed chief justice in 1845, holding the office until his death. He served in congress from 4 November 1811, to 3 March 1817, and from 6 December 1819, to 3 March 1821. During his last term he was a member of the committee on foreign affairs. In the interval from 1817 to 1819 he was United States judge for the territory of Mississippi. In politics he was a democrat.