WHITEAVES, Joseph Frederick, Canadian naturalist, born in Oxford, England, 26 December, 1835. He began the study of zoology when about twenty years of age, and later that of the invertebrate palaeontology of the Jurassic rocks in the immediate vicinity of his native city. He published some of the results of his investigations in paleontology in the " Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science" for 1860, and in the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" (London, 1861). He removed to Canada in 1861, from 1863 till 1876 was scientific curator and recording secretary to the Natural history society of Montreal, and contributed many articles on Canadian zoology and paleontology to its journal, the "Canadian Naturalist and Geologist." During 1867-'73 he prosecuted five deep-sea dredging expeditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the last three under the auspices of the department of marine and fisheries of the Dominion government. Large numbers of marine invertebrates were collected by him, among them several species that had not previously been found in America. He published articles descriptive of the result of these investigations in the reports of the department of marine and fisheries, in the "Canadian Naturalist," the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" of London, and the "American Journal of Science." He first joined the geological survey of Canada in 1874, was elected paleontologist and zoologist to the survey in 1876, and subsequently became one of the assistant directors. He has published illustrated monographs on the invertebrate fossils of the upper cretaceous rocks of Vancouver and adjacent islands, on those of the middle cretaceous rocks of the Queen Charlotte islands, of the Guelph formation of western Canada, of the Laramie and cretaceous rocks of the Bow and Belly river districts, and on the fossil fishes of the Devonian rocks of eastern Canada. In addition to annual reports of the survey, he has contributed papers to the transactions of various learned societies.