HARTSHORNE, Joseph, physician, born in Alexandria, Virginia, 12 December, 1779; died near Wilmington, Delaware, 20 August, 1850. He was descended from Richard Hartshorne, a member of the Society of Friends, who emigrated from England in 1669 and settled in New Jersey, and his father, William, was treasurer of the first internal improvement society in the country, of which George Washington was president. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1805, and after two voyages in 1806 to India as surgeon and supercargo, and a three months' residence in Batavia, Java, he began practice in Philadelphia. lte was surgeon of the Pennsylvania hospital in 1815-'21, and prepared and published Boyer on "The Bones," with an appendix and notes (1806). --His son, Edward, physician, born in Philadelphia, 14 May, 1818; died 22 June, 1885, was graduated at Princeton in 1837, and in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1840. He began practice in Philadelphia in 1848, and was elected one of the surgeons in Will's eye hospital, and later in the Pennsylvania hospital. During the civil war he served as consulting surgeon in the United States army medical service; also as member and secretary of the executive committee of the United States sanitary commission in Philadelphia. He was for a short period editor of the "Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy," and was a frequent contributor to medical periodicals. He is the author of "Separate System" for criminals, translated into several languages in Europe; notes to Taylor's "Medical Jurisprudence" (1854); and "Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery" (1856).--Another son, Henry, physician, born in Philadelphia, 16 March, 1823, was graduated at Haverford college in 1839, and in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1845. He was elected professor of the institutes of medicine in the Philadelphia college of medicine in 1853, and in June, 1855, he was selected as one of the consulting physicians and lecturers on clinical medicine in Philadelphia hospital. He was elected professor of the practice of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania in 1859, became professor of hygiene in the same institution in 1866, and in 1867 was given the chair of organic science and philosophy in Haverford college. He has also held professorships in the Pennsylvania college of dental surgery, Girard college, and the Woman's medical college of Pennsylvania. He rendered important aid to the cause of the medical education of women in 1867-'75. He was the first to ascertain by experiments on himself and others, in 1848, the safety and effects of the internal use of chloroform, and also proposed and proved to his own satisfaction in 1876, though not to the satisfaction of men of science generally, a new the cry of complementary color spectra. He has been one of the editors of the "Friends' Review" since 1872, and is the author of "Water vs. Hydropathy" (Philadelphia, 1846); a prize essay on "The Arterial Circulation" (1856); "Essentials of Practical Medicine" (1869); the divisions of anatomy, physiology, and practice of medicine in "A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences" (1869); edited, with additions, Sir Thomas Watson's "Lectures on the Practice of Medicine," and has contributed numerous papers to medical and scientific journals. He also wrote " Woman's Witchcraft, or the Curse of Coquetry," a dramatic romance, under the pen-name of "Corinne L'Estrange" (1854), and "Summer Songs," under that of "H. H. M." (1865).--Another son, Charles, railroad president, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2 September, 1829, was educated at Haverford college, and at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1847. He early embarked in railroad enterprises, and has continued active in them to the present time. In 1857 he became president of the Quakake railroad company, in 1862 of the Lehigh and Mahoning, in 1868 vice president of the Lehigh valley, and in 1880 its president, but in 1883 resumed the vice presidency. Besides his railroad enterprises, he is connected with many other commercial organizations, and with numerous educational and charitable interests, among which are Haveford and Bryn Mawr colleges, and the Pennsylvania hospital, of each of which he is a member of the board of managers.