SMITH, Joshua Touhnin, British author, born in Birmingham, England, 29 May, 1816; died in Lansing, Sussex, England, 28 April, 1869. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and became an eminent publicist, constitutional lawyer, and scholar, being especially learned in the Scandinavian languages and literature. He resided in this country in 1837-'42, and while here published his " Discovery of America by the Northmen in the 10th Century" (Boston, 1839). This work is accompanied by maps and plates, and has ever since been regarded as the standard authority on that subject. The most eminent American historians have quoted it, and it was the ground of his election as a corresponding member of the Society of northern antiquaries, Copenhagen, Denmark. On his return to Europe he devoted himself to constitutional and old Saxon law, was admitted to the bar in 1849, for eight years edited the " Parliamentary Remembrancer," and gave much time and study to antiquarian researches, physical science, geology, and mineralogy. His publications in-elude " Popular View of the Progress of Philosophy among the Ancients" (London, 1836) ; " Parallels between the Constitution and the Constitutional History of England and Hungary " (1849) ; " The Parish, its Obligations and Powers " (1854) ; " The Laws of Nuisances and Sewerage Works" (1855); "The Right Holding of the Coroner's Court" (1859) : and "History of the English Guilds" (1870).