ROYCE, Josiah, author, born in Grass Valley, Nevada County, California, 20 November, 1855. He was graduated at the University of California in 1875, studied at Leipsic and Gottingen in 1875-'6, and in 1876-'8 was a fellow of Johns Hopkins university, where he obtained the degree of Ph. D. in 1878. He was instructor in English literature and logic at the University of California in 1878-'82, and from 1882 till 1885 instructor in philosophy at Harvard, and since 1885 he has been assistant professor of philosophy there. He is the author of '" A Primer of Logical Analysis, for the Use of Composition Students" (San Francisco, 1881); "The Religious Aspect of Philosophy: a Critique of the Basis of Conduct and Faith" (Boston, 1885); "California from the Conquest in 1846 to the Second Vigilance Committee: a Study of American Character," in the '" American Commonwealth " series (1886); and " The Feud of Oakfield Creek: a Novel of California Life" (1887).