Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James
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ALVAREZ, Juan, Mexican soldier, born about 1790; died in 1867. He was of Indian blood, and exercised extraordinary influence over the Indians of southern Mexico. He was governor of Guerrero in 1853, and had little difficulty in rousing his monataineers to insurrection. The outbreak took place at Acapulco, at the beginning of the following year. In the decree promulgated by Alvarez, in March 1854, which became noted as the plan of Ayutla, Santa Anna's deposition was officially announced, and republican institutions were proposed. Santa Anna's power was overthrown m the battle of Saltillo, 22 July 1855, and General Carrera was entrusted with the government, which he relinquished in September in favor of Alvarez, whose nomination as president of Mexico was ratified by the assembly of Cuernavaca, which for that purpose lie had convoked himself, 4 October 1855. On 15 November he made his entry into Mexico, escorted by a bodyguard of Indians. His abolition of the privileges of the clergy and the army met with such opposition that he tendered his resignation, substituting in his place his former minister Comon-fort, 11 December; and after procuring $200,000 from the national exchequer, and what arms and munitions he could get, he returned to southern Mexico.
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