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ESCALANTE, Juan (escahlahn'tay), Spanish soldier, born in the 15th century; died in 1519. He was one of the adventurers that accompanied Hernan Cortes in his expedition to Mexico. When Cortes founded Villa Rica de Vera Cruz on the spot where he had disembarked, Escalante was appointed high constable, and discharged the duties of that office in the absence of the general-in-chief. By order of Cortes, he destroyed the ten vessels that formed the Spanish fleet. When Cortes marched to Mexico he left Escalante with 150 men to guard the newly founded City. Shortly after this an Aztec chief, called Quanpopoca, who wished to go to pay homage personally to the Spaniards, obtained from Escalante a guard of four soldiers to protect him from the hostile tribes he would have to encounter. Two of the soldiers were able to reach Vera Cruz, but the others were assassinated. Escalante then set out with fifty Spaniards and some thousands of Indians to take revenge. A battle ensued, in which the Spaniards were victorious, but with the loss of seven men, among them Escalante himself.
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