MOREAU-CHRISTOPHE, Louis Mathurin, French economist, born in Loches in 1799; died in Paris in 1883. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1825, but abandoned his profession in 1830, when he was appointed inspector of the prisons of the department of the Seine. He was sub-prefect of Dreux in 1833-'7, and in the latter year was appointed inspector-general of the prisons of France, which post he held till the revolution of 1848. He undertook to reorganize the penitentiary system, and studied the prisons of various European countries and of the United States. He was so much impressed with the regulations of the Cherry Hill penitentiary in Philadelphia that he thoroughly reformed the French prisons on the same plan. In 1841 he revisited the United States to study the institutions of refuge for deserted and criminal children, and on his return to France founded the colony of Met-tray on a plan similar to that of the reformatories of the state of New York. Moreau visited the United States many times, and introduced into France every improvement in our prison system. His numerous works include "De la mortalite et de la folie dans le regime penitentiaire, et speciale-meat aux Etats-Unis de l'Amerique du Nord" (Paris, 1839); "Rapport sur les prisons de l'Am6-rique du Nord" (1844) ; "Docmnents ofliciels sur le pdnitencier de Cherry Hill g Philadelphie" (1844); "Defense du nouveau projet de loi sur les prisons eontre les attaques de ses adversaires" (1844); "Code des prisons de 1670 'h 1861 " (4 vols., 1845-'69); "Le monde des coquins" (2 vols., 1863-'5)" "Du probleme de la mis@e, et de sa solution chez les peuples anciens et modernes" (1851 ; revised ed., 2 vols.. 1865).