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Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889 and StanKlos.com 1999. Virtualology.com warns that these 19th Century biographies contain errors and bias. We rely on volunteers to edit the historic biographies on a continual basis. If you would like to edit this biography please submit a rewritten biography in text form . If acceptable, the new biography will be published above the 19th Century Appleton's Cyclopedia Biography citing the volunteer editor.



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Luis Alves De Lima (kah-she'-as). Duke De Caxias

CAXIAS, Luis Alves de Lima (kah-she'-as). Duke de, Brazilian soldier, born in Rio de Janeiro about 1800. He entered the army while a boy, and rapidly rose to the ranks of general and baron, and subsequently became marshal, marquis, senator, and aide-de-camp of the emperor, he was twice minister of war and also president of the council, exerting great political influence as a conservative leader. He defeated Rossa in 1851, and commanded against Lopez, 1866-'9. He was superseded by the Count d'Eu after the capture of Asuncidn, and received the title of duke.

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