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VIVANCO, Manuel Ignacio de (ve-vahn'-co), Peruvian soldier,
born in Lima in 1806; died in Santiago, Chile, in 1873. He was destined by his
parents for a literary career, and was a student in the College of San Carlos,
of Lima, when San Martin landed with the liberating army. Leaving college, he
entered the patriotic ranks, and after 1821 took part in all the campaigns for
independence, being present in the battles of Junin and Ayacucho.
After the war he continued in the army, and was appointed
director of the military college. At different times he was prefect of several
of the departments of the republic, including Arequipa, where he was idolized by
the people. After the death of Gamarra and the strife between General Torrico
and General Vidal, Vivanco proclaimed himself, on 20 April, 1843, supreme
director of the nation.
But the anarchy and intestine strife continued; Castillo
overthrew Vivanco's government in 1845, and the latter was exiled. In 1851 he
was proclaimed presidential candidate by a military rising in Arequipa, but his
followers were soon defeated. In 1856 he returned secretly from exile, and the
whole population of Arequipa rose under his banner against the dictator.
Castillo marched against Arequipa, and, although Lizardo
Montero, who had mutinied with the frigate "Apurimac" and declared for Vivanco,
occupied Islay and in 1857 Arica, thus cutting off the dictator's
communications, Vivanco was besieged, and in 1858 defeated at Arequipa and again
sought exile.
After Castillo's fall in 1862 Vivanco returned to his
country, and was appointed by San Roman minister to Chile, whence he was
recalled by General Pezet to negotiate with Spain the treaty of 27 January,
1865. When the government of Pezet was overthrown in November, 1865, Prado
exiled Vivanco again; but he returned in 1868 and was elected senator for the
department of Arequipa. The Spanish academy appointed him a corresponding
member.
In 1873 he went to Chile for the restoration of his health,
and died there. He was a brilliant and accomplished statesman, but his turbulent
spirit kept him in continuous strife, and by his repeated revolutions he
contributed to the demoralization of his country.
Edited Appletons Encyclopedia by John Looby, Copyright © 2001 VirtualologyTM
VIVANCO, Manuel Ignacio de (ve-vahn'-co), Peruvian soldier, born in Lima in 1806; died in Santiago, Chili, in 1873. He was destined by his parents for a literary career, and was a student in the College of San Carlos, of Lima, when San Martin landed with the liberating army. Leaving college, he entered the patriotic ranks, and after 1821 took part in all the campaigns for independence, being present in the battles of Junin and Ayacucho. After the war he continued in the army, and was appointed director of the military college. At different times he was prefect of several of the departments of the republic, including Arequipa, where he was idolized by the people. After the death of Gamarra and the strife between General Torrico and General Vidal, Vivanco proclaimed himself, on 20 April, 1843, supreme director of the nation. But the anarchy and intestine strife continued; Castilla overthrew Vivanco's government in 1845, and the latter was exiled. In 1851 he was proclaimed presidential candidate by a military rising in Arequipa, but his followers were soon defeated. In 1856 he returned secretly from exile, and the whole population of Arequipa rose under his banner against the dictator. Castillo marched against Arequipa, and, although Lizardo Montero, who had mutinied with the frigate "Apurimac" and declared for Vivaneo, occupied Islay and in 1857 Arica, thus cutting off the dictator's communications, Vivanco was besieged, and in 1858 defeated at Arequipa and again sought exile. After Castillo's fall in 1862 Vivanco returned to his country, and was appointed by San Roman minister to Chili, whence he was recalled by General Pezet to negotiate with Spain the treaty of 27 January, 1865. When the government of Pezet was overthrown in November, 1865, Prado exiled Vi-yahoo again; but he returned in 1868 and was elected senator for the department of Arequipa. The Spanish academy appointed him a corresponding member. In 1873 he went to Chili for the restoration of his health, and died there. He was a brilliant and accomplished statesman, but his turbulent spirit kept him in continuous strife, and by his repeated revolutions he contributed to the demoralization of his country.
