CRAMER, Michael John, clergyman, born in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, 6 February, 1835. He is descended from a Swedish family that immigrated to Switzerland soon after the reformation to escape persecution. Michael's mother died in 1840, and in 1845 he came to the United States with his father, and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. After learning the printer's trade, he entered Ohio Wesleyan University, where he supported himself during his course, and was graduated in 1860. After serving four years in the Methodist ministry, he was appointed chaplain in the army by President Lincoln, and remained there till President Johnson sent him as United States consul to Leipsic in 1867. While there he attended lectures at Leipsic University, and also organized an American chapel service, preaching every Sunday during" his stay. He was appointed United States minister to Denmark by President Grant in September, 1870, and in August, 1881, was transferred by President Garfield to Switzerland. In July, 1885, he returned to this country, having been elected in June to the chair of systematic theology in Boston university. Dr. Cramer has contributed largely to periodicals in this country, Germany, and Denmark. He married, 27 October, 1S63, Mary Frances Grant, sister of General Grant. She has achieved some success as an artist.