PIEROLA, Nicolas de (pe-ay-ro'-lah), Peruvian naturalist, born in Camaná, department of Arequipa, in 1798; died in Lima, 24 January, 1857. He began the study of law in the University of Lima, and went in 1814 to Madrid, where he was admitted to the bar in 1817, and began the practice of his profession. He was elected deputy to the cortes for his native province in 1820, appointed professor of jurisprudence in the Central university of Madrid, and began the study of natural history.  

After the independence of his country was established he resigned his post, returned to Peru, and was elected in 1827 deputy to the national congress. In 1828 he was appointed director-general of mines, but he resigned in 1833 to become the founder of the scientific weekly "El Telegrafo." He was elected director of the National museum of Lima in 1845, and founded in 1847 another scientific and literary paper, "El Ateneo." He was appointed a member of the committee on public instruction, and in 1852 called by President Castilla to his cabinet as secretary of the treasury; but in 1854 he resigned, and lived thenceforth entirely for science.  

He wrote in conjunction with his friend and colleague, Mariano Eduardo Rivera, who contributed the matter on the mineral kingdom, "Memorial de ciencias naturales" (Lima, 1856). His name has been given to a new species of violet found in the Amazon valley, the Viola Pierolana. 

--His son, Nicolas de Pierola, born in Camana, 5 January, 1839, was educated in the College of Santo Toribio, in Lima, admitted to the bar in 1860, and founded a review, "El Progreso Catolico." In 1864 he became editor of "El Tiempo," in which he defended the administration of General Juan A. Pezet. When Prado's revolution was successful, he went to Europe, where he traveled extensively, but in January, 1869, he was appointed by President Balta to the ministry of finance, and shared with his chief the credit of the great public works that were executed by the latter, and the discredit of the ruinous loans that were contracted to perform them.  

After the death of Balta, Pierola was impeached under Pardo's administration for misappropriation of public funds, and, although he was honorably acquitted of dishonest practice, he came to the United States. In 1874 he prepared an expedition to Peru, but was defeated by Admiral Lizardo Montero at Cuesta de los Angeles. He continued to conspire, and in 1877 invaded Peru again, but was taken prisoner and banished to Chile.  

At the beginning of the war between Peru and Chile he offered his services to his country, and he was allowed by President Prado to return to Lima in 1879. After the flight of Prado several battalions of the garrison revolted, and Pierola, at the head of one of them, marched against the government palace, but was defeated by the minister of war, and took possession of Callao on 22 December  

The archbishop of Lima intervened, and on the next day Pierola made his entry into the capital, and was proclaimed by the masses supreme chief of the republic. He made strenuous efforts to hurry re-enforcements and arms to the front, and when the Chilean army appeared before Lima he organized the defense, and, assuming the command-in-chief, fought at Chorrillos and Miraflores in January, 1881. When all was lost, Pierola retired to the town of Canta, in the mountains, sending Montero to organize the resistance in the northern departments.  

He afterward established his headquarters at Ayacucho, summoned a national assembly on 23 July, and was elected provisional president: but, as Chile refused to treat with him, he resigned on 28 November, 1881, and embarked for the United States, where he has since resided. He married a granddaughter of the Emperor Hurbide.

PIEROLA, Nicolas de (pe-ay-ro'-lah), Peruvian naturalist, born in Camana, department of Arequipa, iu 1798" died in Lima, 24 January, 1857. He began the study of law in the University of Lima, and went in 1814 to Madrid, where he was admitted to the bar in 1817, and began the practice of his profession. He was elected deputy to the cortes for his native province in 1820, appointed professor of jurisprudence in the Central university of Madrid, and began the study of natural history. After the independence of his country was established he resigned his post, returned to Peru, and was elected in 1827 deputy to the national congress. In 1828 he was appointed director-general of mines, but he resigned in 1833 to become the founder of the scientific weekly "El Telegrafo." He was elected director of the National museum of Lima in 1845, and founded in 1847 another scientific and literary paper, "El Ateneo." He was appointed a member of the committee on public instruction, and in 1852 called by President Castilla to his cabinet as secretary of the treasury; but in 1854 he resigned, and lived thenceforth entirely for science. He wrote. in conjunction with his friend and colleague, Mariano Eduardo Rivera, who contributed the matter on the mineral kingdom, "Memorial de ciencias naturales" (Lima, 1856). His name has been given to a new species of violet found in the Amazon valley, the Viola Pierolana.--His son, Nieolas, born in Camana, 5 January, 1839, was educated in the College of Santo Toribio, in Lima, admitted to the bar in 1860, and founded a review, "El Progreso Catalico." In 1864 he became editor of "El Tiempo," in which he defended the administration of General Juan A. Pezet. When Prado's revolution was successful, he went to Europe, where he travelled extensively, but in January, 1869, he was appointed by President Balta to the ministry of finance, and shared with his chief the credit of the great public works that were executed by the latter, and the discredit of the ruinous loans that were contracted to perform them. After the death of Balta, Pie-rola was impeached under Pardo's administration for misappropriation of public funds, and, although he was honorably acquitted of dishonest practice. he came to the United States. In 1874 he prepared an expedition to Peru, but was defeated by Admiral Lizardo Montero at Cuesta de los Angeles. He continued to conspire, and in 1877 invaded Peru again, but was taken prisoner and banished to Chili. At the beginning of the war between Peru and Chili he offered his services to his country, and he was allowed by President Prado to return to Lima in 1879. After the flight of Prado several battalions of the garrison revolted, and Pierola, at the head of one of them, marched against the government palace, but was defeated by the minister of war, and took possession of Callao on 22 December The archbishop of Lima intervened, and on the next day Pierola made his entry into the capital, and was proclaimed by the masses supreme chief of the republic. He made strenuous efforts to hurry re-enforcements and arms to the front, and when the Chilian army appeared before Lima he organized the defence, and, assuming the command-in-chief, fought at Chorrillos and Niraflores in January, 1881. When all was lost, Pierola retired to the town of Canta, in the mountains, sending Montero to organize the resistance in the northern departments. He afterward established his headquarters at Ayaeucho, summoned a national assembly on 23 July, and was elected provisional president: but, as Chili refused to treat with him, he resigned on 28 November, 1881, and embarked for the United States, where he has since resided. He married a granddaughter of the Emperor Hurbide.

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Samuel Huntington
First President of the United States of America
in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to July 6, 1781

President Who? Forgotten Founders Part II

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