ISTHUANFI, Nicolas (iss-too-ahn'-fe), Hungarian physician, born in CoInorn in 1742; died in Paramaribo in 1806. He went to the West Indies as soon as he was graduated in Vienna, practised medicine in St. Eustache, and was appointed president of the sanitary board of Dutch Guiana in 1773. A few years later Baron Malouet, governor of French Guiana, engaged Isthuanfi, with others, to reorganize the French sanitary system, and his timely measures checked an epidemic of yellow fever and Asiatic cholera that broke out in Cayenne in 1781. He also thoroughly disinfected the city, and persuading the authorities to offer rewards for the erection of handsome residences. At the beginning of the revolution in 1789, Isthuanfi still held the office of president of the board of health, but during the ensuing troubles his advice was often ignored, and he was even imprisoned in 1793. He escaped to Paramaribo, bought an estate, and devoted the remainder of his life to agricultural experiments. He published "Traite de pharmacie moderne" (Cayenne, 1781); "Traite de la fidvre jaune" (1786); "Les maladies de la Guyane" (1787); "Medicinske Voordenbeck gefolged van een Verhandling over planten veer medicinske gebrock" (Paramaribo, 1801); and "Les Guianes, sontelles malsaines? experience d'un medecin" (1801).