NOEL, Nicolas, French physician, born in Rheims; 27 March, 1746; died there, 11 May, 1832. He was the son of poor laborers, and apprenticed in his youth to a blacksmith, but, as he showed a taste for science, the vicar of his parish became interested in him, and obtained for him a fellowship in the Paris university. Noel had not finished his studies when he came to the United States in 1776, and, offering his services to congress, was appointed surgeon of a regiment in Gem Nathanael Greene's division. He served afterward in the same capacity on board the frigate "Boston," organized the military hospitals in Philadelphia, and was present at the fall of Yorktown in 1781. On his return to France in 1784 he became house surgeon of the Hotel Dieu of Rheims, entered the army in 1792, and was appointed in 1793 inspector of military hospitals in Belgium, but resigned in 1795, and returned to Rheims, where he founded an academy of medicine and a botanic garden. Among his works are "Journal d'un chirurgien pendant la guerre pour l'independance des colonies anglaises de l'Amerique du Nord" (Rheims, 1787); "Traite historique et pratique de l'inoculation" (1789); and "Dissertation sur la necessite de reunir les con-naissances chirurgicales et medicales" (Paris, 1804).

--BEGIN-Stanislas Henry Lucien de Nogaret

N0GARET, Stanislas Henry Lucien de, French colonist, born in Marseilles in 1682; died in Paris in 1759. His father was a well-known magistrate, and he was educated for the bar, but, being of an adventurous turn of mind, he left college when scarcely sixteen years old, and, enlisting in the army, served in Canada for several years. Being assigned in 1716 to Louisiana, he was appointed by Bienville (q. v.) commander of Fort Rosalie, which had been built a few months before. The French afterward began settlements in the basin of the lower Mississippi, which the Natchez, Yazoo, and Chickasaw Indians destroyed several times, but Nogaret formed an alliance with the Choctaws that enabled the French to hold out against their opponents till 1729, when the Natchez stormed and burned Fort Rosalie and murdered nearly all the settlers, only a few escaping with Nogaret to the Choctaw villages. A few months later Nogaret, at the head of a force of French and Indian allies, re-entered the country, drove out the Natchez, and rebuilt the fortress. During the following years the French extended their possessions. Nogaret contributed much to the welfare and improvement of the new colony, and founded also several establishments in the Choctaw territory. The death of his father and eldest brother left him in 1735 heir to a large estate, and, returning to France to take possession of it, he became a director of the Louisiana company. Nogaret published " Precis des etablissements fondes dans la vallae du Mississippi par le Chevalier Le Moyne de Bienville, suivi d'une histoire des guerres avec les Indiens Natchez" (Paris, 1738).