GABRIAC, Paul Joseph de Cadoine, Marquis de, French diplomatist, born in Heidelberg, Baden, 1 March, 1792; died in Paris, 12 June, 1865. He entered the diplomatic corps in 1811 as secretary of the embassy at Naples, and in 1812-'14 was consul-general at New York, and temporarily in charge as minister in Washington. Under the restoration he was appointed secretary of legation at Turin in 1815, chief secretary at St. Petersburg in 1820, and minister plenipotentiary at Stockholm in 1823, in 1826 he was appointed by the prime minister, Count Villele, to the Brazilian mission, which had been refused by different diplomatists on account of the difficult situation of affairs, as the emperor, Pedro I., refused to accede to the desires of the European governments to establish an independent government in Portugal. Gabriac seconded the demands of England and Austria so effectually that at last the emperor appointed, in 1827, his brother Miguel regent of Portugal in the name of his daughter, Dona Maria da Gloria. He also renewed the commercial treaty with the empire, signed 10 August, 1828, a convention by which Brazil adopted the French maritime law, and in the same year had the same law adopted by all the South American republics. In 1829 he was sent as minister to Switzerland, but returned when the July revolution of 1830 made his special mission superfluous, in 1837 he was sent on a special mission to Mexico, and in 1839 to Washington; he was in 1841 made a peer of France, and in 1853 life senator by Napoleon III. He is the author of "La question Bresilienne" (Paris, 1829)" "Les republiques de l'Amerique du Sud considerees dans leur avenir" (1851); and "Dom Pedro I., notes et souvenirs personnels" (1854).