MAZZEI, Philip (mah'-tzay-ee), Italian physician, born in Tuscany in 1780; died in Pisa, 19 March, 1816. He studied medicine, practised for several years in Smyrna, and from 1755 till 1773 engaged in commerce in London. In December, 1778, he came to Virginia with several other Italians to introduce the cultivation of the grape, the olive, and other fruits of Italy. He took an active part in supporting the movement for independence, and was the friend and correspondent of Thomas Jefferson. In 1779-'83 he was an agent in Italy to obtain army stores for Virginia. He revisited the United States in 1785. Subsequently he was privy councillor of the king of Poland, and in 1802 received a pension from the Emperor Alexander of Russia. He was a zealous republican and an enemy to intolerance. He published "Recherches his-toriques et politiques sur les Etats-Unis de l'Amerique septentrionale" (Paris, 1788).