Benjamin Franklin Butler
1818-1893
Edited
Appleton's American Image Copyright©
2001 by VirtualologyTM
BUTLER,
Benjamin Franklin,
lawyer, born in Deerfield, N. H., 5 Nov., 1818. He is the son of Capt. John
Butler, who served under Jackson at New Orleans. He graduated Waterville
college (now Colby university), Maine, in 1838, was admitted to the bar in 1840,
began practice at Lowell, Mass., in 1841, and has since had a high reputation as
a lawyer, especially in criminal cases. He early took a prominent part in
politics on the democratic side, and was elected a member of the Massachusetts
house of representatives in 1853, and of the state senate in 1859.
In 1860 he was a delegate to the democratic national convention that met at
Charleston. When a portion of the delegates reassembled at Baltimore, Mr.
Butler, after taking part in the opening debates and votes, announced that a
majority of the delegates from Massachusetts would not further participate in
the deliberations of the convention, on the ground that there had been a
withdrawal in part of the majority of the states and further, he added, "upon
the ground that I would not sit in a convention where the African slave-trade,
which is piracy by the laws of my country, is approvingly advocated."
In the same
year he was the unsuccessful democratic candidate for governor of Massachusetts.
At the time of President Lincoln's call for troops in April, 1861, he held the
commission of brigadier-general of militia. On the 17th of that month he marched
to Annapolis with the 8th Massachusetts regiment, and was placed in command of
the district of Annapolis, in which the city of Baltimore was included. On 13
May, 1861, he entered Baltimore at the head of 900 men, occupied the city
without opposition, and on 16 May was made a major-general, and assigned to the
command of Fort Monroe and the department of eastern Virginia. While he was
here, some slaves that had come within his lines were demanded by their masters;
but he refused to deliver them up on the ground that they were contraband of
war; hence arose the designation of "contrabands," often
applied to slaves during the war.
In August he
captured Forts Hatteras and Clark on the coast of North Carolina. He then
returned to Massachusetts to recruit an expedition for the gulf of Mexico and
the Mississippi. On 23 March, 1862, the expedition reached Ship island, and on
17 April went up the Mississippi. The fleet under Farragut having passed the
forts, 24 April, and virtually captured New Orleans, Gen. Butler took possession
of the city on 1 May.
His
administration of affairs wax marked by great vigor. He instituted strict
sanitary regulations, armed the free colored men, and compelled rich
secessionists to contribute toward the support of the poor of the city. His
course in hanging William Mumford for hauling down the U. S. flag from the mint,
and in issuing "Order No. 28," intended to prevent women from
insulting soldiers, excited strong resentment, not only in the south, but in the
north and abroad, and in December, 1862, Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation
declaring him an outlaw. On 10 May, 1862, Gen. Butler seized about $800,000
which had been deposited in the office of the Dutch consul, claiming that arms
for the confederates were to be bought with it. This action was protested
against by all the foreign consuls, and the government at Washington, after an
investigation, ordered the return of the money.
On 16 Dec.,
1862, Gen. Butler was recalled, as he believes, at the instigation of Louis
Napoleon, who supposed the general to be hostile to his Mexican schemes. Near
the close of 1863 he was placed in command of the department of Virginia and
North Carolina, and his force was afterward designated as the Army of the James.
In October, 1864, there being apprehensions of trouble in New York during the
election, General Butler was sent there with a force to insure quiet. In
December he conducted an ineffectual expedition against Fort Fisher, near
Wilmington, N. C., and soon afterward was removed from command by Gen. Grant. He
then returned to his residence in Massachusetts. In 1866 he was elected by the
republicans a member of congress. where he remained till 1879, with the
exception of the term for 1875-'7.
He was the
most active of the managers appointed in 1868 by the house of representatives to
conduct the impeachment of President Johnson. He was the unsuccessful republican
nominee for governor of Massachusetts in 1871; and in 1878 and 1879, having
changed his politics, was the candidate of the independent greenback party and
of one wing of the democrats for the same office, but was again defeated. In
1882 the democrats united upon him as their candidate, and he was elected,
though the rest of the state ticket was defeated.
During his
administration he made a charge of gross mismanagement against the authorities
of the Tewksbury almshouse ; but, after a long investigation, a committee of the
legislature decided that it was not sustained. In 1883 he was re-nominated, but
was defeated. In 1884 he was the candidate of the greenback and anti-monopolist
parties for the presidency, and received 133,825 votes.--His wife, Sarah, a
daughter of Dr. Israel Hildreth, of Lowell, b. in 1821; d. in Boston, Mass., 8
April, 1876, was on the stage from 1837 till 1842, when she married Gen. Butler
and retired. Their daughter married Gen. Adelbert Ames, of the U. S. army. See "General
Butler in New Orleans," by James Parton (New York, 1863). -- Edited
Appleton's Cyclopedia American Biography Copyright©
2001 by VirtualologyTM
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Born November 5 1818, Deerfield NH Died January 11 1893, Washington DC
