TAYLOR, Richard Cowling, geologist, born in Hinton, Suffolk, England, 18 January, 1789; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 26 November, 1851. He was educated as a mining engineer and geologist, partly under the direction of William Smith, the "father of British geology," and in the early part of his career was engaged in the ordnance survey of England. Subsequently he devoted his attention to investigating and reporting on mining property in various parts of England, including that of the British iron company in Wales, his plaster model of which received the Isis medal of the Society of arts. In 1830 he removed to the United States, and, after surveying the Blossburg coal region in Pennsylvania, gave three years to the exploration of the coal and iron-veins of Dauphin county in the same state, concerning which he published an elaborate report with maps. He continued occupied with similar work in the United States, and also made surveys of mining lands in Cuba and the British provinces. Mr. Taylor's knowledge of theoretical geology led him to refer the old red sandstone that underlies the Pennsylvania coal-fields to its true place, corresponding with its location in the series of European rocks. He was the first to point out this fact. Prior to his arrival in this country he devoted much attention to archeology, and published " Index Monasticus, or the Abbeys, Monasteries, etc., formerly established in the City of Norwich and the Ancient Kingdom of East Anglia" (London, 1821); "The Geology of East Anglia" (1827); and a very complete "General Index to Dugdale's 'Monasticon Anglicanum'" (1830). He was a member of scientific societies, and contributed to their transactions. Among his publications are "The Geology and Natural History of the Northeast Extremity of the Alleghany Mountains"; " A Supplement to the Natural History of the Birds of the. Alleghany Range "; "History and Description of Fossil Fuel" (London, 1841); and "Statistics of Coal " (Philadelphia, 1848).