RUMINAGUI (roo-meen-yah-ghe'), Peruvian sohtier, born in Quito in the latter half of the 15th century" died in 1534. He was a son of one of tile principal generals of a native prince, and entered the military service of the conqueror, Huaina Capac, and of his son, Atahualpa (q. v.). At the time of the invasion of Pizarro in 1532, Rumifiagui was marching with 5,000 men to re-enforce the army that was sent against Cuzco, and advised Atahualpa not to receive the Spaniards in Cajamarca, but, seeing that his advice was unheeded, he retired with his army to Quito, thus escaping the defeat of the Peruvians, 16 November, 1532. In Quito, under pretence of electing a regency, he summoned to the royal palace the children, brothers, and principal officers of the emperor, and had them all murdered during a banquet that was given in their honor. Then, proclaiming himself independent, he began a reign of terror in Quito. When, in 1533, Sebastian de Benalcazar, at the request of the Canari Indians, marched against Rumifiagui, the latter made a heroic resistance for a long time in the mountain-passes that lead to the capital. In Tiocojas a battle was fought, which resulted in favor of the Indians, but in the night an eruption of the volcano Cotopaxi began, which it had been predicted by the priests would be fatal to the empire of quito, and the Indian army dispersed. Rumifiagui, unable to defend the capital, set fire to the palace and the city, and during the confusion escaped to the mountains with the emperor's treasures, but was hotly pursued by the Spaniards, and, as the Indians despised and hated him, they revealed his retreat, and he was killed toward the beginning of 1534.