Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James
Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton
and Company, 1887-1889 and 1999. Virtualology.com warns that these 19th Century
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MARINO,
Santiago (mah-reen'-yo), Venezuelan soldier, born in the island of
Margarita in 1788 ; died in Victoria, 4 September, 1854. He entered the military
service in his youth, and in 1810, joining the popular party, was appointed
captain by the supreme junta of Caracas. He was afterward promoted to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel and appointed commander of the coast of Guiria, for his
valiant de-fence of which he was made colonel. After the capitulation of General
Francisco Miranda (q. v.), he retired to his estate of Chacachacare, in the
island of Trinidad, but when the terms of that capitulation were violated by the
Spaniards, with forty-four companions he sailed in two open boats. 12 January.
1813+ for the coast of Guiria, where he armed a battalion from the slaves of his
estates, and captured on the following day the town of Guiria. After defending
Maturin against the royalists, he attacked and conquered Antofianzas, in Cumana,
on 3 August, and took Barcelona on 19 August He defeated General Jose Bores in
Bocachica, 31 March, 1814, and effected his union with Bolivar. After the defeat
of Aragua on 12 August, they embarked in the vessels of the privateer "
Bianchi,” reached Carupano, and on 8 September sailed for Cartagena. Marino
accompanied Bolivar in the expedition from Les Cayes, 30 March, 1816, and on 7
May was appointed second in command of the army. On 1 June, Marino marched to
Guiria, and was victorious at Yaguaraparo and afterward at Rio Caribe, Carupano,
and Cariaco. In 1817 he refused to recognize the authority of Bolivar, and in
May was appointed by the congress of Cariaco general-in-chief, but was taken
prisoner by Bermudez in September and allowed to retire to Trinidad. He returned
in 1819, recognizing Bolivar, and, when the latter resolved on his expedition to
New Granada, he ordered Marifio, on 2 May, 1819, to the eastern provinces,
where, on 12 June, at Cantaura he fought against the royalist Colonel Arama. He
was a member of the congress of Angostura, and was proclaimed Jefe del Oriente,
22 May, 1821. During the revolution of 1827 in Venezuela, he was sent by Paez as
commissioner to confer with Sucre and Bishop Estevez about peace. The
commissioners proposed to divide the republic of Colombia into three independent
states, but this plan was not realized until 1830. Subsequently Marifio retired
from public life, but in 1848 he became military commander of Caracas.
