SABINE, Sir Edward, British soldier, born in Dublin, lreland, 14 October, 1788" died in Richmond, England, 26 June, 1883. After receiving a military education, he entered the royal artillery as 2d lieutenant in 1803, became captain in 1813, and served in the war with the United States, commanding the batteries in the siege of Fort Erie in 1814. He was appointed astronomer in the first arctic expedition under Sir John Ross in 1818, and accompanied Sir William Edward Party's expedition of 1819-'20 in the same capacity, making important researches in terrestrial magnetism. In 1821-'5 he made a series of voyages ranging from the equator to the Arctic circle in quest of data concerning the variations of the magnetic needle, and 6on-ducted pendulum experiments, thus laying the basis for an accurate determination of the figure of the earth. His discoveries led to the establishment of magnetic observatories in Great Britain and the colonies, the latter being under his superintendence, and from 1840 till 1860 he published reports of observations at the Cape of Good Hope, Hobart Town, St. Helena, and Toronto. In 181.8 he became a fellow of the Royal society, of which he was vice-president from 1850 till 1861, and president from 1861 till 1871. He was made a knight of the Bath in 1869 and a general in 1870. During one voyage he edited the "North Georgia Gazette and Winter-Chronicle," a periodical written by the officers on the " Heela" in 1819-'20, which was republished (London, 1822). He also aided in the preparation of a "Natural History" (1824), which was appended to Parry's " First Arctic Voyage" (1821), and was the author of "An Account of Experiments to determine the Figure of the Earth" (1825)" "The Variability of the Intensity of Magnetism upon Many Parts of the Globe" (1838)" and numerous memoirs and scien-title papers. He was engaged in scientific work until his death, and, with his wife as assistant, prepared reduction tables and charts of all the observations that have been made in terrestrial magnetism.