CARTW.RIGHT, Sir Richard John, Canadian statesman, born in Kingston, 4 December, 1835. He was educated in his native City, and in Trinity College, Dublin, and entered parliament as a conservative in 1863, but in 1870 formally severed his connection with the conservative party. Sir Francis Hincks, minister of finance, brought forward a banking act, which Mr. Cartwright, who was president of the commercial bank of Canada and at the head of other important financial institutions, denounced as calculated to undermine the security of the Canadian banks. He voted against his old party on several questions, but was re-elected in i872. He then identified himself thoroughly with the reform party, and in 1873 accepted office in Mr. Mackenzie's administration as minister of finance, and was sworn of the privy council. In 1878 he carried an important bill that makes the auditor-general removable only on an address by both houses of parliament, and not, as formerly, at the pleasure of the government of the day. At the general election of 1878, when the country adopted the "national policy" (i.e., protection), Mr. Cart-wright's free-trade principles brought about his defeat at the polls. A constituency was subsequently found for him in Centre Huron. On 24 May, 1879, he was knighted. Sir Richard is a leader of the liberal party, and a keen critic oŁ the financial policy of his political opponents.