HENDERSON, Thomas, physician, born in Freehold, New Jersey, in 1743; died there, 15 December, 1824. He was graduated at Princeton in 1761, studied medicine under Dr. Nathaniel Scudder, and in 1766 became a member of the New Jersey medical society. He was appointed 2d major in Colonel Stewart's battalion of minute-men, 15 February, 1776; on 14 June, 1776, major of Colonel Heard's battalion; and subsequently became lieutenant-colonel of Colonel Forman's battalion in Heard's brigade. At the battle of Monmouth he was a brigade-major, and was a very valuable man on the field. He was the "solitary horseman " that rode up to General Washington, while the latter was standing beside his horse at Freehold Court-House, and informed him of the retreat of General Charles Lee. In 1777 Dr. Henderson was appointed a member of the provincial council. In 1794 he was vice president of the council of New Jersey, and acting governor of that state at the time of Shays's insurrection, while Governor Howell was absent in Pennsylvania with some New Jersey troops. After the adoption of the Federal constitution he was elected to congress, and served under Washington's administration. Although Dr. Henderson never relinquished the duties of his profession, he was kept continually in the public service, and after his retirement from congress was by turns surrogate, member of the legislature, judge of common pleas, and commissioner to settle boundaries between New Jersey and Pennsylvania.